[Effects of Application of Different Organic Materials on Phosphorus Accumulation and Transformation in Vegetable Fields].

Presently, the improvement of soil organic matter is the basis to ensure food security, but the accumulation and transformation characteristics of soil phosphorus (P) as affected by organic matter remain unclear. The accumulation, transformation, and migration characteristics of soil P in different soil layers of vegetable fields were researched under the application of organic materials. Six treatments were set up in the experiment:control (no fertilization), traditional fertilizer application by farmers, biochar, chicken manure, food waste, and straw application. Available phosphorus (Olsen-P), water-soluble phosphorus (CaCl2-P) content, soil phosphorus forms, soil organic matter (SOM), and pH were determined during the pepper harvest period. In the 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers, the available phosphorus content of traditional fertilization of farmers was higher, and the available phosphorus content of the four organic materials was in the order of straw > biochar > chicken manure > food waste. Compared to that with food waste, the straw and biochar treatments increased soil available phosphorus by 59.6%-67.3% and 29.1%-36.9%, respectively. The straw treatment could easily enhance the soil labile P pool, and soil labile P in the 0-5 cm soil layer increased by 47.3% and 35.1% compared with that under the chicken manure and food waste treatments, respectively. With the increase in soil depth, the proportion of available phosphorus in the chicken manure treatment decreased the least, and available phosphorus of the 20-30 cm soil layer accounted for 55.9% of the topsoil layer but only accounted for 16.0%-34.0% under treatment with the other three materials. Compared with that under the traditional fertilization of farmers, the pH significantly increased by 0.18-0.36 units after the application of organic fertilizer, and the pH of the chicken manure and food waste treatments was significantly higher than that of biochar and straw (P < 0.05). SOM content under the biochar treatment significantly increased by 7.7%-17.6% compared to that under the other three organic materials. Among the four organic materials, the straw treatment boosted the labile P pool the most, which was conducive to the rapid increase in plant-available P. Phosphorus was most likely to migrate downward under the chicken manure treatment. In the field management based on soil fertility enhancement, the application of biochar could not only improve soil pH and SOM but also avoid excessive accumulation of phosphorus in the surface layer, which decreases environmental risks.

A novel detection method for wheat aging based on the delayed luminescence.

Wheat aging plays an important role in assessing storage wheat quality and its subsequent processing purposes. The conventional detection methods for wheat aging are mainly involved in chemical techniques, which are time-consuming as well as waste part of wheat samples for each detection. Although some physical detection methods have obtained gratifying results, it is extremely hard to expand their application fields but to stay in the theory stage. For this reason, a novel nondestructive detection model for wheat aging based on the delayed luminescence (DL) has been proposed in this paper. Specifically, after collecting enough sample data, we first took advantage of certain hyperbolic function to fit DL signal, and then used four parameters of the hyperbolic function to feature the decay trend of the DL signal. Secondly, in order to better feature the DL signal, we extracted other six features together with above four features to form the input feature vector. Finally, as the bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) network lacked error-correcting performance, the Bi-LSTM network based on Walsh coding (Walsh-Bi-LSTM) mechanism was proposed to establish the detection model, which made the detection model have the error-correcting performance by reasonably splitting the multi-classification target task. Shown by experimental results, the newly proposed wheat aging detection model is able to achieve 94.00% accuracy in the testing dataset, which can be used as a green and nondestructive method to timely reflect wheat aging states.

Life satisfaction components and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A large prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Which life satisfaction components could be a target of positive psychological interventions for longevity is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate association of the composite measure of life satisfaction and its individual components with mortality. METHODS: This cohort study included UK Biobank participants who responded to questions concerning five components of life satisfaction at baseline. We generated a composite score representing overall life satisfaction, ranging from 0 (lowest) to 5 (highest). The outcomes were all-cause and cause-specific mortality. We used multivariable Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for the associations of interest. RESULTS: Among 165,842 eligible participants, 12,261 all-cause deaths were observed over a median of 12.9-year follow-up. Overall life satisfaction was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 0.94 [95% CI: 0.93-0.95] per 1 score increment). Health satisfaction showed the strongest association with all-cause mortality, with a fully adjusted HR of 0.52 (95% CI: 0.49-0.55) for high/extreme satisfaction and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.59-0.66) for moderate satisfaction, compared with unsatisfaction (P-trend<0.001), independent of other satisfaction components, regardless of physical health and sociodemographics. The association for family, friendship, work and financial satisfaction was attenuated when adjusted for other life satisfaction components. Similar findings were observed for cause-specific mortality. LIMITATIONS: Observational study with single baseline measurement of life satisfaction precludes the ability to establish causal relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Higher overall life satisfaction was associated with lower mortality. As the major contributor to lower mortality regardless of physical health and sociodemographics, health satisfaction could be an important target of positive psychological interventions for longevity.

Precise Clinical Positioning of Chinese Patent Medicine in Paradigm of "Target Spectral Effect of Prescription"： A Case Study of Qizhi Tongluo Capsules / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The clinical value of Chinese patent medicine is the core direction of the development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry. The precise clinical positioning determines the way to prove the value of the drug， and is a key link to highlight the clinical value. This paper presented a case study of clinical positioning for Chinese patent medicine， namely Qizhi Tongluo capsules， and the key technical framework of precise clinical positioning of Chinese patent medicine， which was manifested as a comparison of prescription target spectral effect， discovery of core value of prescription， and confirmation of clinical positioning trial. The technical framework was designed to address a range of issues in the realm of precise clinical positioning. Before the clinical positioning trial， based on the multi-component， multi-target， and multi-phenotype data of prescription and clinical indication， the multi-omics network analysis technology was used to identify the core value of the traditional Chinese medicine varieties and predict the potential clinical advantages. Then， based on the predicted clinical advantages， reasonable efficacy indicators were selected， and the clinical efficacy was judged and verified by dynamic and flexible innovative clinical trials to improve the success rate of clinical positioning. This research paradigm integrates "omics technology" with "evidence-based" principles and follows the "precise evidence-based" concept. This research aims to provide a new strategy and method for the precise medication and positioning of Chinese patent medicine with traditional Chinese medicine characteristics after being put into the market and provide more technical thinking for traditional Chinese medicine to move towards precise medicine.

History and Clinical Application of Classic Famous Formula Danggui Sinitang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Danggui Sinitang is first recorded in the Treatise on Cold Damage written by ZHANG Zhongjing in the Han dynasty. It is composed of Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Asari Radix et Rhizoma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Tetrapanacis Medulla， and Jujubae Fructus and serves as a classic formula for treating the syndrome of blood deficiency and cold reversal. This study systematically reviews the records of Danggui Sinitang in ancient Chinese medicine books of various dynasties and the modern clinical applications to probe into the composition， plant species， processing， dosage， decocting method， and indications of Danggui Sinitang， aiming to provide a reference for the development and clinical application of this classic formula. The review of the records showed that there were a variety of records of Danggui Sinitang with different composition， and the composition of this formula listed in the Treatise on Cold Damage has a significant impact on later generations and has been used by medical practitioners throughout history. Although the dosage of some drugs decreased during the Ming and Qing dynasties， the medical practitioners continued to use the original formula. In terms of processing， although there were slight changes in the processing of Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and Tetrapanacis Medulla， the original processing method was inherited. In terms of indications， Danggui Sinitang was designed to treat cold reversal due to blood deficiency and dysentery. Furthermore， it was used to treat headache， convulsive disease， infantile convulsion， and private part adduction in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Nowadays， this formula is mostly used to treat diabetes peripheral neuropathy， rheumatoid arthritis， dysmenorrhea， Raynaud's disease and other diseases. In terms of precautions， ancient physicians believed that Danggui Sinitang should not be taken by pregnant women and should only be used for limb chills caused by blood deficiency and cold coagulation. For limb chills caused by other reasons， this formula should not be used indiscriminately. Modern research has not reported any serious adverse reactions related to this formula. Danggui Sinitang has a definite therapeutic effect. In subsequent research and development， quality control standards of Danggui Sinitang should be established while its safety is ensured， and the related preparations should be developed and applied.

A Comparative Investigation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Pore-Influenced Fatigue Life Prediction of Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 Based on a Small Dataset.

Fatigue life prediction of Inconel 718 fabricated by laser powder bed fusion was investigated using a miniature specimen tests method and machine learning algorithms. A small dataset-based machine learning framework integrating thirteen kinds of algorithms was constructed to predict the pore-influenced fatigue life. The method of selecting random seeds was employed to evaluate the performance of the algorithms, and then the ranking of various machine learning algorithms for predicting pore-influenced fatigue life on small datasets was obtained by verifying the prediction model twenty or thirty times. The results showed that among the thirteen popular machine learning algorithms investigated, the adaptive boosting algorithm from the boosting category exhibited the best fitting accuracy for fatigue life prediction of the additively manufactured Inconel 718 using the small dataset, followed by the decision tree algorithm in the nonlinear category. The investigation also found that DT, RF, GBDT, and XGBOOST algorithms could effectively predict the fatigue life of the additively manufactured Inconel 718 within the range of 1 × 105 cycles on a small dataset compared to others. These results not only demonstrate the capability of using small dataset-based machine learning techniques to predict fatigue life but also may guide the selection of algorithms that minimize performance evaluation costs when predicting fatigue life.

Study of Dietary Emodin on Immune Defense in Megalobrama amblycephala against Aeromonas hydrophila.

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of emodin on the total bacterial count and immune response in various tissues of Wuchang bream infected with A. hydrophila. The experimental diets were made by supplementing emodin at 0, 30, 100, and 150 mg kg-1 to basal (control) diet, respectively, and fed to fish with an initial weight of 50.4 ± 2.35 g. All fish were divided into five experimental groups: uninfected fish fed with basal control diet (negative control, NC), infected fish fed with the diet supplemented with 0 (positive control group, PC), 30 (30), 100 (100), and 150 mg/kg (150) of emodin. The fish were reared for 14 days and sampled at different time points. The results showed that the total bacterial count in the kidney, blood, and liver tissues of Wuchang bream infected with A. hydrophila was significantly affected by the supplementation and feeding time of emodin. At the beginning of the experiment, the difference in total bacterial count among the groups was not significant. On day 1, the total bacterial count in all groups was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in the negative control group. On day 4, the total bacterial count in all the emodin groups was significantly reduced, and the best bactericidal effect was observed in the 100 mg kg-1 group. In addition, emodin had a significant effect on the immune response of Wuchang bream after infection with A. hydrophila (p < 0.05). Compared with the other groups, the respiratory burst activity, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1) content, and white blood cell count (WBC) in the 100 and 150 mg kg-1 groups could be restored to normal levels in the shortest time (p < 0.05). Furthermore, this study also measured the complement alternative pathway activity (ACH50), plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the fish. The results showed that supplying 100 mg kg-1 emodin to the diet could significantly (p < 0.05) increase the ACH50 activity of the fish. Compared with the positive control (PC) group, the addition of emodin to the diet can inhibit the decrease in SOD activity and the increase in MDA content in the plasma of infected Wuchang bream. In conclusion, supplying 100 mg kg-1 emodin to the diet can enhance the ability of Wuchang bream to resist A. hydrophila infection by reducing the total bacterial count in tissues, increasing the activity of related immune enzymes, and promoting the secretion of cytokines. This provides a theoretical basis for production practice.

Comparative study of CT and MR guided microwave ablation in the treatment of para-vascular VX2 liver tumor model in rabbits.

Objective： To analyze the efficacy of microwave ablation (MWA) guided by computed tomography (CT) and 1.5T magnetic resonance (MR) in the treatment of VX2 para-vascular liver tumor model in rabbits. Materials and Methods Sixty para-vascular VX2 liver tumor models in rabbits were randomly divided into CT-guided microwave ablation group (CT group, n=35) and MR-guided microwave ablation group (MR group, n=35). The complete ablation rate, mean operation time, postoperative complication rate and mean survival time were compared between the two groups. Results In the CT group, the rate of complete ablation was 68.6% (24/35), and the mean operation time was 42.1 ± 9.7 minutes. Three cases had ascites and one case had abdominal wall injury. In the MR group, the rate of complete ablation was 94.2% (33/35), and the mean operation time was 53.4 ± 10.9 minutes. One case was complicated with ascites. No serious complications such as pneumothorax, liver abscess, pleural effusion and diaphragm perforation were found in both groups. Between the two groups, the difference in complete ablation rate was statistically significant (P=0.006 ＜ 0.05). A statistically significant difference can also be found in mean operation time (P ＜ 0.01). The follow-up time was 21 days after the operation. As for the postoperative complication rate (11.4% in the CT group and 2.9% in the MR group, P=0.353) and mean survival time (16.9 ± 1.8 days in CT group, 18.3 ± 2.3 days in the MR group, P=0.925), the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion Compared with CT guidance, although the microwave ablation time under MR guidance was longer, the complete ablation rate under MR guidance was high, which proved that MR guidance was a more effective way of microwave ablation guidance and was worth promoting in the clinic. In this experiment, the postoperative complication rate was lower in the MR group, although the difference was not statistically significant, which may be related to the small sample size, and the subsequent study on the postoperative complication rate can increase the sample content.

Analysis of the growth and development status of malnutrition and anemia in 352 children aged 0-3 years in Minhang community of Shanghai and evaluation of the effect after intervention.

The growth status of 352 malnourished and anemic children aged 0-3 years in Minhang District, Shanghai, were analyzed, and the effectiveness of health interventions was evaluated. The work focused on 352 malnourished and anemic children aged 0-3 years, summarized their health status by conducting two questionnaire surveys, and evaluated the effects of health interventions. The results revealed that the proportion of malnourished and anemic boys (57.10%) was slightly higher than that of girls (42.90%); and malnutrition-induced anemia accounted for 32.95% of the total number of children. The initial symptoms of malnourished children mainly manifested as below-normal height, weight loss, intellectual developmental delay and decreased muscle tone. Factors such as birth weight, number of infants, mode of delivery, preterm birth, feeding method, complementary feeding, medical history, and educational level of parents and primary caregivers had certain impacts on growth of children. Furthermore, the level of awareness of nutritional disorders knowledge was higher after the intervention compared to before the intervention. In conclusion, health education interventions for malnourished children can effectively improve their condition and enhance their overall health status, warranting widespread application and promotion.

Toxic effects of perfluorocaproic acid (PFHxA) on crucian carp (Carassius auratus) and the response of the intestinal microbial community.

Perfluorocaproic acid (PFHxA), a short-chain substitute for the emerging contaminant perfluorinated compounds, has been detected in the aquatic environment. However, its aquatic toxicity and health risk assessment are mainly unknown. In this study, we compared the toxic doses of 0 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 15 mg/L, 45 mg/L and 135 mg/L on the pathological damage to tissue sections, antioxidant indexes and inflammatory factor expressions in liver, spleen, kidney, Prosogaster, Mid-gut, Hid-gut as well as the changes of IgM, C3, C4, LZM, GOT, GPT in serum of crucian carp. We determined the response of the intestinal microbial community to PFHxA stress by 16S. The results showed that the growth performance of crucian carp was slowed with the increase of PFHxA dose, which caused different degrees of damage to the tissues. Meanwhile, the indexes of SOD, GSH-Px, T-AOC, ACP, AKP and LZM in each tissue were reduced, and the indexes of IgM, C3, C4 and LZM in serum were reduced. The levels of MDA, GOT and GPT in tissues and GOT and GPT in serum were promoted. In addition, IL-1ß, TNF-α, NF-KB, and KEAP-1 in each tissue increased compared with the control group. The levels of IL-10, Nrf2, CAT, and GPx were decreased. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that PFHxA significantly reduced the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota. It is suggested that PFHxA is likely to cause different degrees of damage to various tissues by disrupting the diversity of the intestinal flora. These results provide insights to facilitate the risk assessment of PFHxA contaminants in the aquatic environment.

Evaluation of Head and Cervical Spine Posture after Therapy with Maxillary Protraction Appliances / Evaluación de la Postura de la Cabeza y la Columna Cervical Después de la Terapia con Aparatos de Protracción Maxilar

SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes of head and cervical spine posture of skeletal class malocclusion in adolescent with maxillary protraction. Thirty cases of skeletal class malocclusion were randomly selected from the Stomatological Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. High-quality lateral cephalograms were collected including pre- and posttreatment to compare the changes of head and cervical spine posture. Data were processed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software. The paired-t test was used to compare pre- and posttreatment mean angular measurements.A significant difference in the SNA(p<0.001), SNB(p<0.01), and ANB(p<0.001) between T1 and T2 showed an improvement in the sagittal relationships. A significant change was observed in middle cervical spine posture, while upper cervical spine posture variables showed no significant difference after treatment. Skeletal class with maxillary protraction appliance not only led to the improvement of sagittal relationship, but also changed the middle cervical spine posture.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los cambios en la postura de la cabeza y la columna cervical debido a la maloclusión clase esquelética en adolescentes con protracción maxilar. Treinta casos de maloclusión de clase esquelética fueron seleccionados al azar del Hospital Estomatológico de la Universidad Médica de Shanxi. Se recogieron cefalogramas laterales de alta calidad, incluidos el tratamiento previo y posterior, para comparar los cambios en la postura de la cabeza y la columna cervical. Los datos se procesaron con el software estadístico SPSS 26.0. Se utilizó la prueba t pareada para comparar las medidas angulares medias antes y después del tratamiento. Una diferencia significativa en SNA (p <0,001), SNB (p <0,01) y ANB (p <0,001) entre T1 y T2 mostró una mejora en las relaciones sagitales. Se observó un cambio significativo en la postura de la columna cervical media, mientras que las variables de postura de la columna cervical superior no mostraron diferencias significativas después del tratamiento. La clase esquelética con aparato de protracción maxilar no solo condujo a la mejora de la relación sagital, sino que también cambió la postura de la columna cervical media.

Targeted activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by Corynoline alleviates osteoporosis development.

Oxidative stress is preferentially treated as a risk factor for the development and progression of osteoporosis. Corynoline as a component of Corydalis bungeana Turcz presents antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, the effects of Corynoline on osteoblasts following hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injury were evaluated accompanied by the investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved. It was found that Corynoline downregulated the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and restored the osteogenic potential of the disrupted osteoblasts by H2O2 exposure. Furthermore, Corynoline was revealed to activate the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, while ML385 (an Nrf2 inhibitor) would prevent the Corynoline-mediated positive effects on the disrupted osteoblasts. In terms of the animal experiments, Corynoline treatment contributed to a significantly alleviated bone loss. These findings indicate that Corynoline may significantly attenuate the H2O2-induced oxidative damage of osteoblasts via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, providing novel insights to the development of treatments for osteoporosis induced by oxidative injury.

Relationship between valvular structure and biochemical indices of non-valvular atrial fibrillation and senile degenerative valvular heart disease.

Background: Valvular heart disease (VHD) is a common clinical condition in geriatric-related cardiovascular diseases that is connected to heart dysfunction. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmia. Considering these two common clinical conditions, so far no sufficient data on the relationship between degenerative VHD and non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). We aimed to explore the relationship between valvular structure and biochemistry of nonvalvular AF and degenerative valvular heart disease in the elderly. Methods: In our study, 234 VHD patients who were diagnosis evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography were enrolled in this retrospective study from January 2015 and December 2018. Significant valvular diseases were defined according to ACC/AHA Classification as any moderate or severe mitral regurgitation (MR), aortic regurgitation (AR), tricuspid stenosis, regurgitation, or aortic stenosis (AS). Data on relevant laboratory indicators were also collected. Results: A total of 234 patients with degenerative VHD were enrolled, of whom 81 had NVAF and 153 had sinus rhythm. Gender, smoking history, and some comorbidities, such as coronary artery disease, diabetes, and renal dysfunction, did not differ significantly between the two groups, but there were significant differences in age and hypertension {79 [74-83] vs. 70 [65-79] years} After propensity-score matching (PSM), we identified 68 VHD patients with NVAF and 68 VHD patients without NVAF. The NVAF + VHD had higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (2.94±0.84 vs. 2.26±1.33 mmol/L, P=0.001), lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol [1.03 (0.89-1.34) vs. 1.56 (0.99-2.71) mmol/L, P<0.001], and higher uric acid (UA) (438.18±145.83 vs. 376.67±148.03 µmol/L, P=0.02) than the VHD group. The ejection fraction (EF) of the NVAF + VHD group was lower than that of the VHD group {63 [51-68] vs. 66 [62-69], P=0.013}. In addition, the left atrial size, MR, and calcification of the NVAF + VHD group were higher than those of the VHD group. Conclusions: Pronounced MR, valve calcification and hyperlipidemia were more likely in VHD patients with NVAF. These structures and biomarkers changes maybe important clinical parameters for disease prevention and management, which indicate early drug intervention to AF and hyperlipidemia is necessary.

Identification and validation of coding and non-coding RNAs involved in high-temperature-mediated seed dormancy in common wheat.

Introduction: Seed dormancy (SD) significantly decreases under high temperature (HT) environment during seed maturation, resulting in pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) damage under prolonged rainfall and wet weather during wheat harvest. However, the molecular mechanism underlying HT-mediated SD remains elusiveSeed dormancy (SD) significantly decreases under high temperature (HT) environment during seed maturation, resulting in pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) damage under prolonged rainfall and wet weather during wheat harvest. However, the molecular mechanism underlying HT-mediated SD remains elusive. Methods: Here, the wheat landrace 'Waitoubai' with strong SD and PHS resistance was treated with HT from 21 to 35 days post anthesis (DPA). Then, the seeds under HT and normal temperature (NT) environments were collected at 21 DPA, 28 DPA, and 35 DPA and subjected to whole-transcriptome sequencing. Results: The phenotypic data showed that the seed germination percentage significantly increased, whereas SD decreased after HT treatment compared with NT, consistent with the results of previous studies. In total, 5128 mRNAs, 136 microRNAs (miRNAs), 273 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and 21 circularRNAs were found to be responsive to HT, and some of them were further verified through qRT-PCR. In particular, the known gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis gene TaGA20ox1 (TraesCS3D02G393900) was proved to be involved in HT-mediated dormancy by using the EMS-mutagenized wheat cultivar Jimai 22. Similarly, a novel gene TaCDPK21 (TraesCS7A02G267000) involved in the calcium signaling pathway was validated to be associated with HT-mediated dormancy by using the EMS mutant. Moreover, TaCDPK21 overexpression in Arabidopsis and functional complementarity tests supported the negative role of TaCDPK21 in SD. We also constructed a co-expression regulatory network based on differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs and found that a novel miR27319 was located at a key node of this regulatory network. Subsequently, using Arabidopsis and rice lines overexpressing miR27319 precursor or lacking miR27319 expression, we validated the positive role of miR27319 in SD and further preliminarily dissected the molecular mechanism of miR27319 underlying SD regulation through phytohormone abscisic acid and GA biosynthesis, catabolism, and signaling pathways. Discussion: These findings not only broaden our understanding of the complex regulatory network of HT-mediated dormancy but also provide new gene resources for improving wheat PHS resistance to minimize PHS damage by using the molecular pyramiding approach.

A new basic burning raw material for simultaneous stabilization/solidification of PO43--P and F- in phosphogypsum.

Phosphogypsum (PG) contains a lot of soluble phosphate (PO43--P) and fluorine ion (F-), which seriously has hindered the sustainable development of the phosphorous chemical industry. In this study, a new burning raw material (BRM) as an intermediate product in the cement production process was used for PO43--P and F- stabilize in PG. The stabilizing mechanism of PO43--P and F- were investigated by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray spectroscopy system (XPS). The effect of PG and BRM weight ratio, solid-to-liquid ratio, reaction time, and reaction temperature on the concentrations of PO43--P and F- were studied. The results showed that the concentration of F- in the PG leaching solution was 8.65 mg/L and the stabilizing efficiency of PO43--P was 99.78%, as well as the pH of the PG leaching solution was 8.12 when the weight ratio of PG and BRM was 100:2, and the solid to liquid ratio was 4:1, reacting for 24 h at the temperature of 30 â„ƒ. PO43--P and F- were mostly solidified as Ca5(PO4)3F, CaPO3(OH), Ca5(PO4)3(OH), Ca2P2O7·2H2O, CaSO4PO3(OH)·4H2O, CaF2, and CaFPO3·2H2O. Leaching test results indicated that the concentrations of PO43--P, F- and heavy metals were less than the integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB8978-1996). This study provides a new harmless treatment method for PG.

A Novel Anti-Osteoporosis Mechanism of VK2: Interfering with Ferroptosis via AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway in Type 2 Diabetic Osteoporosis.

Type 2 diabetic osteoporosis (T2DOP) is a chronic bone metabolic disease. Compared with traditional menopausal osteoporosis, the long-term high glucose (HG) microenvironment increases patients' risk of fracture and osteonecrosis. We were accumulating evidence that implicated ferroptosis as a pivotal mechanism of glucolipotoxicity-mediated death of osteocytes and osteoblast, a novel form of programmed cell death resulting from uncontrolled lipid peroxidation depending on iron. Vitamin K2 (VK2), a fat-soluble vitamin, is clinically applied to prevent osteoporosis and improve coagulation. This study aimed to clarify the role and mechanism of VK2 in HG-mediated ferroptosis. We established the mouse T2DOP model by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin solution and a high-fat and high-sugar diet. We also cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in HG to simulate the diabetic environment in vitro. Based on our data, VK2 inhibited HG-mediated bone loss and ferroptosis, the latter manifested by decreased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and malondialdehyde and increased glutathione in vitro. In addition, VK2 treatment was capable of restoring bone mass and strengthening the expression of SIRT1, GPX4, and osteogenic markers in the distal femurs. As for further mechanism exploration, we found that VK2 could activate AMPK/SIRT1 signaling, and knockdown of SIRT1 by siRNA prevented the VK2-mediated positive effect in HG-cultured BMSCs. Summarily, VK2 could ameliorate T2DOP through the activation of the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway to inhibit ferroptosis.

Application of interpretable machine learning algorithms to predict distant metastasis in osteosarcoma.

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma is well-established as the most common bone cancer in children and adolescents. Patients with localized disease have different prognoses and management than those with metastasis at the time of diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to explore potential risk factors for metastatic disease. METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program database was used to identify patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma between 2004 and 2015. We developed prediction models for distant metastasis using six machine learning (ML) techniques, including logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GaussianNB), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), and k-nearest neighbor algorithm (kNN). The adaptive synthetic (ADASYN) technique was used to deal with imbalanced data. The Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) analysis generated visualized explanations for each patient. Finally, the average precision (AP), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, F1 score, precision-recall curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were conducted to evaluate the models' effectiveness. RESULTS: The six machine learning algorithms achieved AP of 0.661-0.781 for predicting distant metastasis. The RF model yielded the best performance with an accuracy of 71.8 percent and an AP of 0.781 and was highly dependent on tumor size, primary surgery, and age. SHAP analysis provided model-independent interpretation, highlighting significant clinical factors associated with the risk of metastasis in osteosarcoma patients. CONCLUSIONS: An accurate machine learning-based prediction model was established for metastasis in osteosarcoma patients to help clinicians during clinical decision-making.

Molecular features of 109 patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in a single center / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To explore the molecular features of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) . Methods: According to 2022 World Health Organization (WHO 2022) classification, 113 CMML patients and 840 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients from March 2016 to October 2021 were reclassified, and the clinical and molecular features of CMML patients were analyzed. Results: Among 113 CMML patients, 23 (20.4%) were re-diagnosed as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), including 18 AML with NPM1 mutation, 3 AML with KMT2A rearrangement, and 2 AML with MECOM rearrangement. The remaining 90 patients met the WHO 2022 CMML criteria. In addition, 19 of 840 (2.3%) MDS patients met the WHO 2022 CMML criteria. At least one gene mutation was detected in 99% of CMML patients, and the median number of mutations was 4. The genes with mutation frequency ≥ 10% were: ASXL1 (48%), NRAS (34%), RUNX1 (33%), TET2 (28%), U2AF1 (23%), SRSF2 (21.1%), SETBP1 (20%), KRAS (17%), CBL (15.6%) and DNMT3A (11%). Paired analysis showed that SRSF2 was frequently co-mutated with ASXL1 (OR=4.129, 95% CI 1.481-11.510, Q=0.007) and TET2 (OR=5.276, 95% CI 1.979-14.065, Q=0.001). SRSF2 and TET2 frequently occurred in elderly (≥60 years) patients with myeloproliferative CMML (MP-CMML). U2AF1 mutations were often mutually exclusive with TET2 (OR=0.174, 95% CI 0.038-0.791, Q=0.024), and were common in younger (<60 years) patients with myelodysplastic CMML (MD-CMML). Compared with patients with absolute monocyte count (AMoC) ≥1×10(9)/L and <1×10(9)/L, the former had a higher median age of onset (60 years old vs 47 years old, P<0.001), white blood cell count (15.9×10(9)/L vs 4.4×10(9)/L, P<0.001), proportion of monocytes (21.5% vs 15%, P=0.001), and hemoglobin level (86 g/L vs 74 g/L, P=0.014). TET2 mutations (P=0.021) and SRSF2 mutations (P=0.011) were more common in patients with AMoC≥1×10(9)/L, whereas U2AF1 mutations (P<0.001) were more common in patients with AMoC<1×10(9)/L. There was no significant difference in the frequency of other gene mutations between the two groups. Conclusion: According to WHO 2022 classification, nearly 20% of CMML patients had AMoC<1×10(9)/L at the time of diagnosis, and MD-CMML and MP-CMML had different molecular features.

Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm accelerated/blast phase / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm-accelerated phase/blast phase (MPN-AP/BP) . Methods: A total of 67 patients with MPN-AP/BP were enrolled from February 2014 to December 2021 at the Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Their clinical features and prognostic factors were analyzed retrospectively. Results: ① Sixty-seven patients with MPN-AP/BP with a median age of 60 (range, 33-75) years, including 31 males (46.3% ) and 36 females (53.7% ) , were analyzed. Forty-eight patients progressed from primary myelofibrosis (PMF) , and 19 progressed from other myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) , which included polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and MPN unclassifiable. Patients who progressed from PMF had higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels than those who progressed from other MPNs (925.95 vs. 576.2 U/L, P=0.011) , and there were higher proportions of patients who progressed from PMF with splenomegaly (81.4% vs. 57.9% , P=0.05) , a myelofibrosis grade of ≥2 (93.6% vs. 63.2% , P=0.004) , and a shorter duration from diagnosis to the transformation to AP/BP (28.7 vs. 81 months, P=0.001) . ② JAK2V617F, CALR, and MPLW515 were detected in 41 (61.2% ) , 13 (19.4% ) , and 3 (4.5% ) patients, respectively, whereas 10 (14.9% ) patients did not have any driver mutations (triple-negative) . Other than driver mutations, the most frequently mutated genes were ASXL1 (42.2% , n=27) , SRSF2 (25% , n=16) , SETBP1 (22.6% , n=15) , TET2 (20.3% , n=13) , RUNX1 (20.3% , n=13) , and TP53 (17.2% , n=11) . The ASXL1 mutation was more enriched (51.1% vs. 21.1% , P=0.03) , and the median variant allele fraction (VAF) of the SRSF2 mutation (median VAF, 48.8% vs. 39.6% ; P=0.008) was higher in patients who progressed from PMF than those who progressed from other MPNs. ③ In the multivariate analysis, the complex karyotype (hazard ratio, 2.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-6.05; P=0.036) was independently associated with worse overall survival (OS) . Patients who received allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) (median OS, 21.3 vs. 3 months; P=0.05) or acute myeloid leukemia-like (AML-like) therapy (median OS, 13 vs. 3 months; P=0.011) had significantly better OS than those who received supportive therapy. Conclusion: The proportions of patients with PMF-AP/BP with splenomegaly, myelofibrosis grade ≥2, a higher LDH level, and a shorter duration from diagnosis to the transformation to AP/BP were higher than those of patients with other Philadelphia-negative MPN-AP/BP. The complex karyotype was an independent prognostic factor for OS. Compared with supportive therapy, AML-like therapy and allo-HSCT could prolong the OS of patients with MPN-AP/BP.

Analysis of the Development Trend in Forensic Odontology Based on CiteSpace / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To realize the dynamic visualization of forensic odontology based on the bibliometrics methods, and capture the research hotspots and identify the future development trend.@*METHODS@#Literature articles published from January 1995 to December 2020 were searched according to specific subject words in the core data set of Web of Science. The visualization analysis of publishing country, institution, discipline, author, co-cited journal and keywords was performed by CiteSpace 5.7.R5W software.@*RESULTS@#The annual analysis of publications showed an upward trend of forensic odontology research literature year by year, with the number of annual publications more than 110 in the last five years. Developed countries were the main source of contributions and the average centrality was greater than 0.2. The research of forensic odontology involved multiple disciplines, including stomatology, biology, computer science and medical imaging, with a distinct interdisciplinary feature. A total of 115 nodes were obtained by keyword cluster analysis. The principal line of forensic odontology mainly included individual identification and age estimation and the emergence of hotspots was closely related to new technologies. Population-based odontology investigation, improvement of traditional dental age estimation method and dental age estimation based on new technology were popular research in forensic odontology.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Developing countries urgently need to increase the focus on related research. It may be an important direction for the development of forensic odontology to establish and enrich the regional dental database, develop new odontology identification technology combined with frontier and high-end technology, and develop the identification program based on advanced information technology.